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In the case of citric acid, the overlap is extensive and solutions of citric acid are buffered over the whole range of pH 2.5 to 7.5. Calculation of the pH with a polyprotic acid requires a speciation calculation to be performed. In the case of citric acid, this entails the solution of the two equations of mass balance:
McIlvaine buffer is a buffer solution composed of citric acid and disodium hydrogen phosphate, also known as citrate-phosphate buffer.It was introduced in 1921 by the United States agronomist Theodore Clinton McIlvaine (1875–1959) from West Virginia University, and it can be prepared in pH 2.2 to 8 by mixing two stock solutions.
Citric acid is a triprotic acid, with pK a values, extrapolated to zero ionic strength, of 3.128, 4.761, and 6.396 at 25 °C. [21] The pK a of the hydroxyl group has been found, by means of 13 C NMR spectroscopy, to be 14.4. [22] The speciation diagram shows that solutions of citric acid are buffer solutions between about pH 2 and pH 8. In ...
Speciation diagram for a 10-millimolar solution of citric acid. The violet curve corresponds to the trisodium citrate. As a conjugate base of a weak acid, citrate can perform as a buffering agent or acidity regulator, resisting changes in pH. It is used to control acidity in some substances, such as gelatin desserts. It can be found in the milk ...
This mixture consists of 0.0286 M citric acid, 0.0286 M monopotassium phosphate, 0.0286 M boric acid, 0.0286 M veronal and 0.0286 M hydrochloric acid titrated with 0.2 M sodium hydroxide. The buffer was invented in 1931 by the English chemist Hubert Thomas Stanley "Kevin" Britton (1892–1960) and the New Zealand chemist Robert Anthony Robinson ...
3 COOH, was made into a buffer solution, it would need to be combined with its conjugate base CH 3 COO − in the form of a salt. The resulting mixture is called an acetate buffer, consisting of aqueous CH 3 COOH and aqueous CH 3 COONa. Acetic acid, along with many other weak acids, serve as useful components of buffers in different lab ...
Buffer solutions also play a key role in analytical chemistry. They are used whenever there is a need to fix the pH of a solution at a particular value. Compared with an aqueous solution, the pH of a buffer solution is relatively insensitive to the addition of a small amount of strong acid or strong base.
Influences on dissociation: There should be a minimum influence of buffer concentration, temperature, and ionic composition of the medium on the dissociation of the buffer. Well-behaved cation interactions: If the buffers form complexes with cationic ligands, the complexes formed should remain soluble. Ideally, at least some of the buffering ...