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The "synoptic problem" is the question of the specific literary relationship among the three synoptic gospels—that is, the question as to the source or sources upon which each synoptic gospel depended when it was written. The texts of the three synoptic gospels often agree very closely in wording and order, both in quotations and in narration.
A gospel harmony is an attempt to compile the canonical gospels of the Christian New Testament into a single account. [1] This may take the form either of a single, merged narrative , or a tabular format with one column for each gospel, technically known as a synopsis , although the word harmony is often used for both.
The triumphal entry of Jesus into Jerusalem is narrated in Matthew 21:1–11, Mark 11:1–11, Luke 19:28–44 and John 12:12–19. The following comparison is primarily based on the New International Version (NIV): [1]
The two-source hypothesis (or 2SH) is an explanation for the synoptic problem, the pattern of similarities and differences between the three Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke. It posits that the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke were based on the Gospel of Mark and a hypothetical sayings collection from the Christian oral tradition ...
The two-gospel hypothesis or Griesbach hypothesis is that the Gospel of Matthew was written before the Gospel of Luke, and that both were written earlier than the Gospel of Mark. [1] It is a proposed solution to the synoptic problem , which concerns the pattern of similarities and differences between the three Gospels of Matthew , Mark , and Luke .
The material in the comparison chart is from Gospel Parallels by B. H. Throckmorton, [118] The Five Gospels by R. W. Funk, [119] The Gospel According to the Hebrews by E. B. Nicholson [120] and The Hebrew Gospel and the Development of the Synoptic Tradition by J. R. Edwards. [121]
According to Fee, John has more differences than the other gospels because in Codex Sinaiticus, John 1:1–8:38 and parts of chapters 16 and 21 have early Western Christian writing ancestry. [4] Codex Sinaiticus is designated by siglum א, and Codex Vaticanus by alpha character B. The following represent scribal corrections:
This four-source hypothesis posits that there were at least four sources to the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke: the Gospel of Mark, and three lost sources: Q, M, and L. (M material is represented by violet in the above chart.) Throughout the remainder of the 20th century, there were various challenges and refinements of Streeter's ...