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Vector Security, Inc. traces its roots back to The Philadelphia Contributionship (TPC), founded in part by Benjamin Franklin in 1752. [4] The sister company of Vector Security, TPC, was established as a mutual insurance company where policyholders would come together to share the risk of losses by fire.
In computer security, an attack vector is a specific path, method, or scenario that can be exploited to break into an IT system, thus compromising its security. The term was derived from the corresponding notion of vector in biology. An attack vector may be exploited manually, automatically, or through a combination of manual and automatic ...
In cryptography, an initialization vector (IV) or starting variable [1] is an input to a cryptographic primitive being used to provide the initial state. The IV is typically required to be random or pseudorandom , but sometimes an IV only needs to be unpredictable or unique.
An initialization vector (IV) or starting variable (SV) [5] is a block of bits that is used by several modes to randomize the encryption and hence to produce distinct ciphertexts even if the same plaintext is encrypted multiple times, without the need for a slower re-keying process.
The second step is to correspond each indicator of a vulnerability being potentially exposed to the visualized map in the previous step. IOEs include "missing security controls in systems and software". [4] Step 3: Find indicators of compromise. This is an indicator that an attack has already succeeded. [4]
This provides semantic security, by means of ensuring the same plain text is not encrypted to the same cipher text, allowing an attacker to infer a relationship exists. When computing a message authentication code, such as by CBC-MAC, the use of an initialization vector is a possible attack vector.
This is an illustration of the closest vector problem (basis vectors in blue, external vector in green, closest vector in red). In CVP, a basis of a vector space V and a metric M (often L 2) are given for a lattice L, as well as a vector v in V but not necessarily in L. It is desired to find the vector in L closest to v (as measured by M).
Lattice-based cryptography is the generic term for constructions of cryptographic primitives that involve lattices, either in the construction itself or in the security proof. Lattice-based constructions support important standards of post-quantum cryptography . [ 1 ]