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The species are facultative anaerobes, and most strains can survive with citrate and glucose as their sole carbon sources and ammonia as their sole nitrogen source. [ 6 ] Members of the genus produce a prominent capsule , or slime layer , which can be used for serologic identification, but molecular serotyping may replace this method.
Klebsiella aerogenes, [2] previously known as Enterobacter aerogenes, is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, citrate-positive, indole-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. [3] Capable of motility via peritrichous flagella, [ 4 ] it is approximately one to three microns in length.
Cronobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae.Several Cronobacter species are desiccation resistant and persistent in dry products such as powdered infant formula. [3]
Antibiotic resistance has become widespread in bacterial pathogens, and in Gram-negative bacteria such as the Enterobacteriaceae, much of this comes from acquired genes. The resistance genes encode proteins that export or inactivate β-lactam antibiotics , aminoglycosides , tetracycline , chloramphenicol , fosfomycin , etc. Plasmids carrying ...
Enterobacteriaceae is a large family of Gram-negative bacteria. It includes over 30 genera and more than 100 species. It includes over 30 genera and more than 100 species. Its classification above the level of family is still a subject of debate, but one classification places it in the order Enterobacterales of the class Gammaproteobacteria in ...
The genus Hafnia is one of more than 40 genera that currently comprise the order Enterobacterales.. Although Møller originally described this genus in 1954, the legitimacy of this group was constantly challenged over the next two decades, often being referred to by synonyms such as "Enterobacter alvei", "Enterobacter aerogenes subsp. hafniae" and "Enterobacter hafniae" but it is mostly ...
In countries where antibiotics are over-the-counter and obtainable without a prescription, the incidence and prevalence of CRE infections were higher. One study from Japan found that 6.4% of healthy adults carried ESBL (mostly cefotaximase)-producing strains compared to 58.4% in Thailand, where antibiotics are available over the counter and ...
Shigella uses a type-III secretion system that acts as a biological syringe to translocate toxic effector proteins to the target human cell. The effector proteins can alter the metabolism of the target cell — leading, for example, to the lysis of vacuolar membranes or reorganization of actin polymerization to facilitate intracellular motility ...