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A person with a two hour history of phlegmasia cerulea dolens (left leg, right side of image) Phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) (literally: 'painful blue inflammation'), not to be confused with preceding phlegmasia alba dolens , is an uncommon severe form of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) that obstructs blood outflow from a vein.
The ankle is often considered to comprise not only the ankle joint itself but also the structures surrounding it at the lower end of the leg and the beginning of the foot proper. Ankle pain may be symptomatic of inflammation of, or injury to, any of the tissues present in the region, including the joint space, cartilage , tendons , ligaments ...
Symptoms may include swelling behind the knee, stiffness, and pain. [1] If the cyst breaks open, pain may increase, and there may be swelling of the calf. [1] Rupture of a Baker's cyst may also cause bruising below the medial malleolus of the ankle (Crescent sign).
Pain may be the first noticed symptom. [3] People with lipodermatosclerosis have tapering of their legs above the ankles, forming a constricting band resembling an inverted champagne bottle. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] In addition, there may be brownish-red pigmentation and induration .
Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a non-cancerous bone tumor composed of multiple varying sizes of spaces in a bone which are filled with blood. [1] [4] The term is a misnomer, as the lesion is neither an aneurysm nor a cyst. [5]
Patients present with an acute onset of swelling, pain, erythema, prominent tenderness, warmness and limited range of motion in both ankles. [1] [2] Lower legs and heels may also be involved, however the distal parts of feet and toes are usually spared. Patients may also experience high-graded fever, pitting edema and hypotension.
Chronic compartment syndrome in the lower leg can be treated conservatively or surgically. [ 1 ] [ 21 ] Avoid using devices that apply pressure, like splints, casts, or tight dressings. [ 59 ] [ 22 ] If symptoms persist after basic treatment, or if someone wants to keep doing painful activities, compartment syndrome can be treated with surgery ...
Ultrasonography of chronic venous insufficiency of the legs allows the examiner to evaluate the gross anatomy of the venous networks as well as the blood flow direction, which is crucial in determining vein pathology. It has become the reference standard used in the assessment of the condition and hemodynamics of the veins of the lower limbs. [1]