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Average UV at noon 1996-2002 (European Space Agency)The ultraviolet index, or UV index, is an international standard measurement of the strength of the sunburn-producing ultraviolet (UV) radiation at a particular place and time.
The WHO-standard ultraviolet index is a widely publicized measurement of total strength of UV wavelengths that cause sunburn on human skin, by weighting UV exposure for action spectrum effects at a given time and location. This standard shows that most sunburn happens due to UV at wavelengths near the boundary of the UVA and UVB bands.
Consider the sunburn, a deterministic effect: [4] when exposed to bright sunlight for only ten minutes [5] at a high UV Index, that is to say a high average dose rate, [6] the skin can turn red and painful. The same total amount of energy from indirect sunlight spread out over several years - a low average dose rate - would not cause a sunburn ...
On the positive side, UV exposure enables the synthesis of vitamin D 3, which is essential for bone health [1] and potentially plays a role in inhibiting certain cancers. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] While vitamin D can also be obtained through dietary supplements, [ 4 ] UV exposure offers benefits such as enhanced subdermal nitric oxide production and improved ...
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UV observations can also provide essential information about the evolution of galaxies. They can be used to discern the presence of a hot white dwarf or main sequence companion in orbit around a cooler star. [3] [4] The ultraviolet universe looks quite different from the familiar stars and galaxies seen in visible light.
Although Alert, Canada likely has a lower average UV index, Longyearbyen has the lowest recorded average UV index for any current or previously inhabited place on Earth. Between April and September, the UV index typically ranges from 1 to 2, with May, June, and July having the highest UV index of 2.
For Thomas and the nearly 520,000 Americans who rely on dialysis, the experience can be uncomfortable, time-consuming, and fraught with health risks.