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In chemistry, a salt or ionic compound is a chemical compound consisting of an assembly of positively charged ions and negatively charged ions , [1] which results in a compound with no net electric charge (electrically neutral). The constituent ions are held together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonds.
In chemistry, a formula unit is the smallest unit of a non-molecular substance, such as an ionic compound, covalent network solid, or metal. [1] [2] It can also refer to the chemical formula for that unit. Those structures do not consist of discrete molecules, and so for them, the term formula unit is used.
Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6), ribose (C 5 H 10 O 5), Acetic acid (C 2 H 4 O 2), and formaldehyde (CH 2 O) all have different molecular formulas but the same empirical formula: CH 2 O.This is the actual molecular formula for formaldehyde, but acetic acid has double the number of atoms, ribose has five times the number of atoms, and glucose has six times the number of atoms.
In ionic compounds there arise characteristic distances between ion neighbours from which the spatial extension and the ionic radius of individual ions may be derived. The most common type of ionic bonding is seen in compounds of metals and nonmetals (except noble gases, which rarely form chemical compounds).
An ionic compound is named by its cation followed by its anion. See polyatomic ion for a list of possible ions. For cations that take on multiple charges, the charge is written using Roman numerals in parentheses immediately following the element name. For example, Cu(NO 3) 2 is copper(II) nitrate, because the charge of two nitrate ions (NO −
A hydrogen ion is created when a hydrogen atom loses an electron.A positively charged hydrogen ion (or proton) can readily combine with other particles and therefore is only seen isolated when it is in a gaseous state or a nearly particle-free space. [1]
Ionic compounds, when dissolved in water, dissociate into ions. The total electrolyte concentration in solution will affect important properties such as the dissociation constant or the solubility of different salts. One of the main characteristics of a solution with dissolved ions is the ionic strength.
The chemical structure of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM]PF 6), a common ionic liquid. Proposed structure of an imidazolium-based ionic liquid. An ionic liquid (IL) is a salt in the liquid state at ambient conditions.