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A medieval manuscript fragment of Finnish origin, c. 1340 –1360, utilized by the Dominican convent at Turku, showing the liturgical calendar for the month of June. The calendar of saints is the traditional Christian method of organizing a liturgical year by associating each day with one or more saints and referring to the day as the feast day or feast of said saint.
[a] The Apology of the Augsburg Confession states that the remembrance of the saints has three parts: thanksgiving to God, the strengthening our faith, and the imitation of the saints' holy living. [b] [3] As a result, the Lutheran reformers retained a robust calendar of saints to be commemorated throughout the year.
The connection of the saints' feast day with popular romantic customs arose in the Middle Ages, when it was commonly believed that half way through the second month of the year, the birds began to pair. [6] Alfred Kellogg and Robert Cox, have claimed that the modern customs of Saint Valentine's Day originate from the Roman Lupercalia customs. [7]
The liturgical year, also called the church year, Christian year, ecclesiastical calendar, or kalendar, [1] [2] consists of the cycle of liturgical days and seasons that determines when feast days, including celebrations of saints, are to be observed, and which portions of scripture are to be read.
National and diocesan calendars, including that of the Diocese of Rome itself as well as the calendars of religious institutes and even of continents, add other saints and mysteries or transfer the celebration of a particular saint or mystery from the date assigned in the General Calendar to another date.
Traditionally, the Christian calendar recognizes Oct. 31 as All Hallows’ Eve, holding a vigil when the faithful would pray and fast prior to the feast day of All Saints' Day (or All Hallows’ Day).
National calendars of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church are lists of saints' feast days and other liturgical celebrations, organized by calendar date, that apply to those within the nation or nations to which each calendar applies who worship according to the Roman Rite of the Latin Church.
1 November: Feast of all Saints, Double, and (in the calendar given in the 1568 Roman Breviary [page needed] but not in the 1570 Roman Missal) [4] commemoration of Caesarius martyr. 2 November: Commemoration of all the Faithful Departed, Double, and of the octave of all Saints. 3 November: Of the octave. 4 November: Of the octave and ...