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A metal ion in aqueous solution or aqua ion is a cation, dissolved in water, of chemical formula [M(H 2 O) n] z+.The solvation number, n, determined by a variety of experimental methods is 4 for Li + and Be 2+ and 6 for most elements in periods 3 and 4 of the periodic table.
Aluminium(I) oxide is a compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formula Al 2 O. It can be prepared by heating the stable oxide Al 2 O 3 with elemental silicon at 1800 °C under vacuum .
The concentration of a dimeric species decreases more rapidly with metal ion concentration than does the concentration of the corresponding monomeric species. Therefore, when determining the stability constants of both species it is usually necessary to obtain data from 2 or more titrations, each with a different metal salt concentration.
For a gas, it is the hypothetical state the gas would assume if it obeyed the ideal gas equation at a pressure of 1 bar. For a gaseous or solid solute present in a diluted ideal solution, the standard state is the hypothetical state of concentration of the solute of exactly one mole per liter (1 M) at a pressure of 1 bar extrapolated from ...
In chemistry, aluminium(I) refers to monovalent aluminium (+1 oxidation state) in both ionic and covalent bonds. Along with aluminium(II), it is an extremely unstable form of aluminium. While late Group 13 elements such as thallium and indium prefer the +1 oxidation state, aluminium(I) is rare.
The Avogadro constant, commonly denoted N A [1] or L, [2] is an SI defining constant with an exact value of 6.022 140 76 × 10 23 mol −1 (reciprocal moles). [3] [4] It is this defined number of constituent particles (usually molecules, atoms, ions, or ion pairs—in general, entities) per mole and used as a normalization factor in relating the amount of substance, n(X), in a sample of a ...
The standard state molality is 1 mol/kg, while the standard state molarity is 1 mol/dm 3. Other choices are possible. For example, the use of a standard state concentration of 10 −7 mol/L for the hydrogen ion in a real, aqueous solution is common in the field of biochemistry.
The relative activity of a species i, denoted a i, is defined [4] [5] as: = where μ i is the (molar) chemical potential of the species i under the conditions of interest, μ o i is the (molar) chemical potential of that species under some defined set of standard conditions, R is the gas constant, T is the thermodynamic temperature and e is the exponential constant.