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The policy of the Franco regime with regard to women was a huge setback for the Republic as it set out to impose the traditional Catholic family model based on the total subordination of the wife to her husband and reduce them back to the domestic sphere as it had been proclaimed in the Labor Charter of 1938 in order "to free the married woman ...
Women lost most of their rights after Franco came to power in 1939 at the end of the Spanish Civil War, with the major exception that women did not universally lose their right to vote. Repression of the women's vote occurred nevertheless as the dictatorship held no national democratic elections between 1939 and 1977.
The 1960s would begin to see a change in major themes in women's writings, with women beginning to challenge their role in society and to argue more for women's rights. This represented both self-realization in women expressed in fiction and a begin to a return of Republican era thinking about women.
Women in Francoist Spain (1939–1978) were the last generation of women to not be afforded full equality under the 1978 Spanish Constitution. [1] Women during this period found traditional Catholic Spanish gender roles being imposed on them, in terms of their employment opportunities and role in the family.
Francoism professed a strong devotion to militarism, hypermasculinity and the traditional role of women in society. [47] A woman was to be loving to her parents and brothers, faithful to her husband and to reside with her family. Official propaganda confined women's roles to family care and motherhood.
[7] [8] Questioning this role for women was tantamount to questioning the nature and rights of the state, and viewed as a subversive act. [7] In Francoist Spain, women were not endowed by God with business ingenuity, nor the capacity to be involved in war.
These changes meant women could accept inheritances, appear in court, and accept a job without the approval of their husbands. [22] [9] The changes also impacted who controlled matrimonial property. [23] [22] [9] The law was also changed so that husbands were no longer married women's legal representatives by default. [9]
Women in the workforce in Francoist Spain faced high levels of discrimination. The end of the Spanish Civil War saw a return of traditional gender roles in the country. These were enforced by the regime through laws that regulated women's labor outside the home and the return of the Civil Code of 1889 and the former Law Procedure Criminal, which treated women as legally inferior to men.