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Cutting-stock problems can be classified in several ways. [1] One way is the dimensionality of the cutting: the above example illustrates a one-dimensional (1D) problem; other industrial applications of 1D occur when cutting pipes, cables, and steel bars. Two-dimensional (2D) problems are encountered in furniture, clothing and glass production.
The Crank–Nicolson stencil for a 1D problem. In mathematics, especially the areas of numerical analysis concentrating on the numerical solution of partial differential equations, a stencil is a geometric arrangement of a nodal group that relate to the point of interest by using a numerical approximation routine.
Genius (also known as the Genius Math Tool) is a free open-source numerical computing environment and programming language, [2] similar in some aspects to MATLAB, GNU Octave, Mathematica and Maple. Genius is aimed at mathematical experimentation rather than computationally intensive tasks. It is also very useful as just a calculator.
[1] The subset sum problem is a special case of the decision and 0-1 problems where each kind of item, the weight equals the value: =. In the field of cryptography, the term knapsack problem is often used to refer specifically to the subset sum problem. The subset sum problem is one of Karp's 21 NP-complete problems.
Dirac delta function: everywhere zero except for x = 0; total integral is 1. Not a function but a distribution, but sometimes informally referred to as a function, particularly by physicists and engineers. Dirichlet function: is an indicator function that matches 1 to rational numbers and 0 to irrationals. It is nowhere continuous.
In physical space, a 1D subspace is called a "linear dimension" (rectilinear or curvilinear), with units of length (e.g., metre). In algebraic geometry there are several structures that are one-dimensional spaces but are usually referred to by more specific terms. Any field is a one-dimensional vector space over itself.
On the sphere, the cut locus of a point consists of the single antipodal point diametrically opposite to it. On an infinitely long cylinder, the cut locus of a point consists of the line opposite the point. Let X be the boundary of a simple polygon in the Euclidean plane. Then the cut locus of X in the interior of the polygon is the polygon's ...
In the 19th century, when mathematicians began to address topics—such as infinite sets—which have no clear-cut relation to physical reality, a variety of new definitions were given. [173] With the large number of new areas of mathematics that have appeared since the beginning of the 20th century, defining mathematics by its object of study ...