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The Governmental Accounting Standards Board Statements (GASB Statements or GASBS) are issued by GASB to set generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for state and local governments in the United States of America. These statements are the most authoritative source for governmental GAAP.
The objectives for which government entities apply accountancy that can be organized in two main categories: - The accounting of activities for accountability purposes. In other words, the representatives of the public, and officials appointed by them, must be accountable to the public for powers and tasks delegated.
The GASB has issued Statements, Interpretations, Technical Bulletins, Concept Statements and Implementation Guides defining GAAP for state and local governments since 1984. GAAP for the Federal government is defined by the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board. In January 2020, GASB appointed Joel Black to succeed David Vaudt as the chair.
Created in 1984, the GASB addresses state and local government reporting issues. Its structure is similar to that of the FASB's, and the FASB and GASB are located together and share resources. Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB). Created in 1990, the FASAB addresses federal government financial reporting issues.
The Accountancy Model Archived 2016-11-06 at the Wayback Machine See chapters 15–19 (p. 191–222) for a quick reference to journal entries and math useful for state and local government fund accounting. The "Funds Characteristics Tree" on p. 191 illustrates relationships between funds.
In addition, CPA firms that perform local government financial audits that include an A-133 "single audit" must follow yellow book standards. In addition to financial audits, the Yellow Book standards cover Performance Audits, which evaluate the performance of a program or project against defined objectives, such as objectives for efficiency ...
The possible transition towards accrual accounting has been planned incremental and in phases spanning from 10–12 years. The central government and the majority of Indian state governments have accepted the idea of accrual accounting. The Committee on Accounting Standards for Local Bodies is reviewing IPSAS with a view to their adoption.
An example of the different treatment under cash and accrual accounting of a government's purchase of a building: Under cash accounting: The government's budget surplus decreases (or deficit increases) by the amount of cash used (or debt incurred) to acquire the building in the year the government takes ownership. After the year of acquisition ...