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Big data can include structured, unstructured, or combinations of structured and unstructured data. Big data analysis may integrate raw data from multiple sources. The processing of raw data may also involve transformations of unstructured data to structured data. Other possible characteristics of big data are: [41] Exhaustive
Data-intensive computing is intended to address this need. Parallel processing approaches can be generally classified as either compute-intensive, or data-intensive. [6] [7] [8] Compute-intensive is used to describe application programs that are compute-bound. Such applications devote most of their execution time to computational requirements ...
Industrial big data refers to a large amount of diversified time series generated at a high speed by industrial equipment, [1] known as the Internet of things. [2] The term emerged in 2012 along with the concept of "Industry 4.0”, and refers to big data”, popular in information technology marketing, in that data created by industrial equipment might hold more potential business value. [3]
A data lake refers to the storage of a large amount of unstructured and semi data, and is useful due to the increase of big data as it can be stored in such a way that firms can dive into the data lake and pull out what they need at the moment they need it, [3] whereas a data stream can perform real-time analysis on streaming data, and it ...
When "data" is used more generally as a synonym for "information", it is treated as a mass noun in singular form. This usage is common in everyday language and in technical and scientific fields such as software development and computer science. One example of this usage is the term "big data". When used more specifically to refer to the ...
For example, Personal DataLake at Cardiff University is a new type of data lake which aims at managing big data of individual users by providing a single point of collecting, organizing, and sharing personal data. [8] Early data lakes, such as Hadoop 1.0, had limited capabilities because it only supported batch-oriented processing .
Data analysis is a process for obtaining raw data, and subsequently converting it into information useful for decision-making by users. [1] Data is collected and analyzed to answer questions, test hypotheses, or disprove theories. [11] Statistician John Tukey, defined data analysis in 1961, as:
Data ecosystems possess three major characteristics: network, platform, and co-evolution. [1] Network loosely refers to the groups of data and technology developers, providers, and resellers. [ 1 ] The platform, then, is the service, tool or platform that is collaboratively used by the network of actors. [ 1 ]