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  2. Near-infrared window in biological tissue - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-infrared_window_in...

    Melanin is a chromophore that exists in the human epidermal layer of skin responsible for protection from harmful UV radiation. When melanocytes are stimulated by solar radiation, melanin is produced. [7] Melanin is one of the major absorbers of light in some biological tissue (although its contribution is smaller than other components).

  3. Unpolarized light - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unpolarized_light

    Unpolarized light can be produced from the incoherent combination of vertical and horizontal linearly polarized light, or right- and left-handed circularly polarized light. [1] Conversely, the two constituent linearly polarized states of unpolarized light cannot form an interference pattern, even if rotated into alignment (Fresnel–Arago 3rd ...

  4. Biophotonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biophotonics

    Similar to the differentiation between "electric" and "electronics," a difference can be made between applications such as therapy and surgery, which use light mainly to transfer energy, and applications such as diagnostics, which use light to excite matter and to transfer information back to the operator. In most cases, the term biophotonics ...

  5. Biophoton - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biophoton

    [9] [3] Photomultiplier tubes have been used to measure biophoton emissions from fish eggs, [10] and some applications have measured biophotons from animals and humans. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] Electron Multiplying CCD (EM-CCD) optimized for the detection of ultraweak light [ 14 ] have also been used to detect the bioluminescence produced by yeast ...

  6. Birefringence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birefringence

    Light from the source is polarized in the x direction after passing through the first polarizer, but above the specimen is a polarizer (a so-called analyzer) oriented in the y direction. Therefore, no light from the source will be accepted by the analyzer, and the field will appear dark.

  7. Light skin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_skin

    Light skin is a human skin color that has a low level of eumelanin pigmentation as an adaptation to environments of low UV radiation. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Due to migrations of people in recent centuries, light-skinned populations today are found all over the world.

  8. Human skin color - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skin_color

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 26 January 2025. "Skin pigmentation" redirects here. For animal skin pigmentation, see Biological pigment. Extended Coloured family from South Africa showing some spectrum of human skin coloration Human skin color ranges from the darkest brown to the lightest hues. Differences in skin color among ...

  9. Human skin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skin

    Melanin is produced within the skin in cells called melanocytes and it is the main determinant of the skin colour of darker-skinned humans. The skin colour of people with light skin is determined mainly by the bluish-white connective tissue under the dermis and by the haemoglobin circulating in the veins of the dermis.