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Therefore, these laws and procedures must be appropriate and necessary. A balancing of interests must occur. 5. Principle of data avoidance and data economy: Through the use of data anonymization or pseudo-anonymization, every data processing system should achieve the goal to use no (or as little as possible) personally identifiable data. 6.
According to Art. 52 GDPR, the Federal Commissioner is a completely independent supervisory authority. His tasks and powers are mainly based on Art. 57 and 58 GDPR and the Federal Data Protection Act (Bundesdatenschutzgesetz). His legal position and the procedure of his establishment are subject to the provisions of the Federal Data Protection Act.
At the time West Germany already had privacy laws since 1977 (Bundesdatenschutzgesetz). The European Commission realized that diverging data protection legislation amongst EU member states impeded the free flow of data within the EU and accordingly proposed the Data Protection Directive.
The Republic of Turkey, a candidate for European Union membership, has adopted the Law on The Protection of Personal Data on 24 March 2016 in compliance with the EU acquis. [141] China's 2021 Personal Information Protection Law is the country's first comprehensive law on personal data rights and is modeled after the GDPR. [142]: 131
Information privacy, data privacy or data protection laws provide a legal framework on how to obtain, use and store data of natural persons. The various laws around the world describe the rights of natural persons to control who is using their data.
Germany is known to be one of the first countries (in 1970) with the strictest and most detailed data privacy laws in the world. The citizens' right to protection is stated in the Constitution of Germany , in Art. 2 para. 1, and Art. 1 para.
Communications Law (Telecommunications and Broadcasting), 1982 (Amendment 2008) Art. 30: December 2008 [21] Italy: Data Protection Code (Legislative Decree no. 196/2003) § 130 [5] [22] Japan: The Law on Regulation of Transmission of Specified Electronic Mail April 2002 [5] Malaysia: Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 [23] Malta
The right of access, also referred to as right to access and (data) subject access, is one of the most fundamental rights in data protection laws around the world. For instance, the United States, Singapore, Brazil, and countries in Europe have all developed laws that regulate access to personal data as privacy protection.