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In early Buddhism, based upon the Pali Canon and related Agamas, there are three distinct realms: First the Kama Loka, or the world of sensuality, in which humans, animals, and some devas reside, the second is Rupadhatu Loka, or the world of material existence, in which certain beings mastering specific meditative attainments reside, and the ...
[1] [2] [3] It can also refer to "three spheres," [3] "three planes of existence," [4] and "three realms". [4] Various schemas of three realms (tri-loka) appear in the main Indian religions of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. The Triloka Purusha, the figure who embodies the three worlds Transcending the Three Realms 超出三界圖, 1615 ...
The ten realms are part of Buddhist cosmology and consist of four higher realms and six lower realms derived from the Indian concept of the six realms of rebirth. [3] These realms can also be described through the degrees of enlightenment that course through them. [4] They have been translated in various ways.
Historically, the roots of Buddhism lie in the religious thought of Iron Age India around the middle of the first millennium BCE. [5] This was a period of great intellectual ferment and socio-cultural change known as the Second Urbanisation, marked by the growth of towns and trade, the composition of the Upanishads and the historical emergence of the Śramaṇa traditions.
The Buddhist cosmology may thus be seen as a map of different realms of existence and a description of all possible psychological experiences. [103] The psychological states of a person in current life lead to the nature of next rebirth in Buddhist cosmology. [104]
[4] [11] [12] The full exposition of the saṃsāra doctrine is found in early Buddhism and Jainism, as well as in various schools of Hindu philosophy. [ 4 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] The saṃsāra doctrine is tied to the karma theory of Hinduism , and the liberation from saṃsāra has been at the core of the spiritual quest of Indian traditions, as well ...
In Mahayana Buddhism, dharmadhatu means "realm of all phenomena", "realm of all things" (the entire universe with all visible and invisible things) or "realm of eternal truth". It is referred to by several analogous terms from Mahayana Buddhist philosophy, such as Tathata (Reality "as-it-is"), emptiness , dependent co-arising and eternal Buddha .
Patala is composed of seven realms/dimensions or lokas, [6] [7] the seventh and lowest of them is also called Patala or Naga-loka, the region of the Nagas. The Danavas (children of Danu), Daityas (children of Diti), Rakshas and the snake-people Nagas (serpent-human formed sons of Kadru), live in the realms of Patala. [1]