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  2. False statements of fact - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_statements_of_fact

    The legal rule itself – how to apply this exception – is complicated, as it is often dependent on who said the statement and which actor it was directed towards. [6] The analysis is thus different if the government or a public figure is the target of the false statement (where the speech may get more protection) than a private individual who is being attacked over a matter of their private ...

  3. Substantial truth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substantial_truth

    This doctrine is applied in matters in which truth is used as an absolute defence to a defamation claim brought against a public figure, but only false statements made with "actual malice" are subject to sanctions. [2] A defendant using truth as a defence in a defamation case is not required to justify every word of the alleged defamatory ...

  4. False statement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_statement

    A false statement, also known as a falsehood, falsity, misstatement or untruth, is a statement that is false or does not align with reality. This concept spans various fields, including communication, law, linguistics, and philosophy. It is considered a fundamental issue in human discourse.

  5. Defamation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defamation

    In contemporary common law jurisdictions, to constitute defamation, a claim must generally be false and must have been made to someone other than the person defamed. [25] Some common law jurisdictions distinguish between spoken defamation, called slander, and defamation in other media such as printed words or images, called libel. [26]

  6. United States free speech exceptions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_free_speech...

    Second, knowingly making a false statement of fact can sometimes be punished. Libel and slander laws fall under this category. Third, negligently false statements of fact may lead to civil liability in some instances. [21] Lastly, some implicit statements of fact—those that have a "false factual connotation"—can also fall under this exception.

  7. Judge, citing Trump's 'repeated public statements,' orders ...

    www.aol.com/news/judge-citing-trumps-repeated...

    A New York federal judge cited former President Donald Trump’s “repeated public statements” Friday among reasons why a jury will be anonymous when it considers damages stemming from a ...

  8. NC candidate admits her attack ad was false. Here’s where ...

    www.aol.com/nc-candidate-admits-her-attack...

    Late Wednesday night, 10 months after the election ended with a narrow win by Lee, Democrat Marcia Morgan posted on Facebook that her ad was false and that she and Lee had resolved the lawsuit.

  9. Actual malice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actual_malice

    This term was adopted by the Supreme Court in its landmark 1964 ruling in New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, [2] in which the Warren Court held that: . The constitutional guarantees require, we think, a Federal rule that prohibits a public official from recovering damages for a defamatory falsehood relating to his official conduct unless he proves that the statement was made with 'actual malice ...