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Before folic acid fortification, about 4,100 pregnancies were affected by a neural tube defect each year in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported in 2015 that since the addition of folic acid in grain-based foods as mandated by the FDA, the rate of neural tube defects dropped by 35%. This translates to an ...
Folic acid, which is the synthetic form of the vitamin folate, is critical both in pre- and peri-conception. [7] Deficiencies in folic acid may cause neural tube defects (NTDs). Women who had 0.4 mg of folic acid in their systems due to supplementing 3 months before childbirth significantly reduced the risk of NTDs. [29]
Treatment may include dietary changes and folic acid supplements. [1] Dietary changes including eating foods high in folate such as, fruits and green leafy vegetables can help. [1] Prevention is recommended for pregnant women or those who are planning a pregnancy. [1] Folate deficiency is very rare in countries with folic acid fortification ...
Anemias due to other deficiencies such as folic acid or vitamin B12 can also be treated with supplementation as well; dose may vary based on level of deficiency. [32] Other forms of anemias, such as inherited or acquired anemias prior to pregnancy, will require continuous management during pregnancy as well. [29]
To prevent problems like dehydration and constipation, it is important to drink enough fluids, especially water, to support blood volume increases during pregnancy. [32] It is recommended to accompany regular meals with a daily prenatal vitamin supplement that has sufficient folic acid and iron content. [30]
folates, folic acid: water 400 μg/400 μg megaloblastic anemia and deficiency during pregnancy is associated with birth defects (e.g., neural-tube defects) may mask symptoms of vitamin B 12 deficiency; other effects. leafy vegetables, pasta, bread, cereal, liver B 12: cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, methylcobalamin, adenosylcobalamin: water
The recommendation to start folic acid before conception is supported by a meta-analysis of 41 studies, but is beneficial after conception as well. [ 2 ] Often prenatal vitamins also have a reduced dosage of vitamins that may be detrimental to the fetus when taken in high doses (such as vitamin A ).
Supplementing folic acid during pregnancy reduces the prevalence of NTDs by not exposing this otherwise sub-clinical mutation to aggravating conditions. [36] Other potential causes can include folate antimetabolites (such as methotrexate), mycotoxins in contaminated corn meal, arsenic, hyperthermia in early development, and radiation.