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In mathematics, basic hypergeometric series, or q-hypergeometric series, are q-analogue generalizations of generalized hypergeometric series, and are in turn generalized by elliptic hypergeometric series. A series x n is called hypergeometric if the ratio of successive terms x n+1 /x n is a rational function of n.
The earliest q-analog studied in detail is the basic hypergeometric series, which was introduced in the 19th century. [1] q-analogs are most frequently studied in the mathematical fields of combinatorics and special functions. In these settings, the limit q → 1 is often formal, as q is often discrete-valued (for example, it may represent a ...
An infinite series of any rational function of can be reduced to a finite series of polygamma functions, by use of partial fraction decomposition, [8] as explained here. This fact can also be applied to finite series of rational functions, allowing the result to be computed in constant time even when the series contains a large number of terms.
For example, the diagram below shows n = 20 and the partition 20 = 7 + 6 + 4 + 3. Let m be the number of elements in the smallest row of the diagram ( m = 3 in the above example). Let s be the number of elements in the rightmost 45 degree line of the diagram ( s = 2 dots in red above, since 7 − 1 = 6, but 6 − 1 > 4).
The q-Pochhammer symbol is a major building block in the construction of q-analogs; for instance, in the theory of basic hypergeometric series, it plays the role that the ordinary Pochhammer symbol plays in the theory of generalized hypergeometric series.
For example, in most systems of logic (but not in intuitionistic logic) Peirce's law (((P→Q)→P)→P) is a theorem. For classical logic, it can be easily verified with a truth table. The study of mathematical proof is particularly important in logic, and has accumulated to automated theorem proving and formal verification of software