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How COVID‑19 vaccines work. The video shows the process of vaccination, from injection with RNA or viral vector vaccines, to uptake and translation, and on to immune system stimulation and effect. Part of a series on the COVID-19 pandemic Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom. COVID-19 (disease) SARS-CoV-2 (virus) Cases Deaths ...
The vaccine is designed to target both the spike protein of the SARS‑CoV‑2 virus, and viral proteins that may be less prone to genetic variation, to provide greater protection against SARS‑CoV‑2 variants. [106] [107] saRNA vaccines must use uridine, which is required for reproduction to occur. [99]
The vaccine contains a DNA plasmid vector that carries the gene encoding the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. As with other DNA vaccines, the recipient's cells then produce the spike protein, eliciting a protective immune response. The plasmid also contains unmethylated CpG motifs to enhance its immunostimulatory properties. [2]
As of April 2020 trials were investigating whether existing medications could be used effectively against the body's immune reaction to SARS-CoV-2 infection. [44] [45] As of May 2020 several antiviral drugs were under investigation for COVID-19, though none had been shown to be clearly effective on mortality in published randomized controlled ...
[46] [47] It is authorized for use in humans to provide protection against COVID-19, caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. [2] [31] The vaccine is given by intramuscular injection. [35] It is composed of nucleoside-modified mRNA (modRNA) that encodes a mutated form of the full-length spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, which is encapsulated ...
SARS‑CoV‑2 is a strain of the species Betacoronavirus pandemicum (SARSr-CoV), as is SARS-CoV-1, the virus that caused the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak. [ 2 ] [ 17 ] There are animal-borne coronavirus strains more closely related to SARS-CoV-2, the most closely known relative being the BANAL-52 bat coronavirus.
It provides protection against COVID-19, which is caused by infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. [ 42 ] [ 2 ] [ 22 ] [ 14 ] It is designed to be administered in two or three 0.5- mL doses given by intramuscular injection , primarily into the deltoid muscle, at an interval of at least 28 days apart.
NUVAXOVID is a recombinant subunit vaccine licensed for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Market authorization was issued on 20 December 2021. [ 86 ] The vaccine contains the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein produced using the baculovirus expression system , which is eventually adjuvanted with the Matrix M adjuvant.