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If left untreated, TOF carries a 35% mortality rate in the first year of life, ... Ebstein anomaly [7] Treatment: Open heart surgery [8] Frequency: 1 in 2,000 babies [4]
Ebstein's anomaly is a congenital heart defect in which the septal and posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve are displaced downwards towards the apex of the right ventricle of the heart. [1] EA has great anatomical heterogeneity that generates a wide spectrum of clinical features at presentation and is complicated by the fact that the ...
Ebstein's anomaly; Ectopia cordis; Encephalocele; Endocardial cushion defect; Esophageal atresia; Exstrophy of the bladder; Fetal alcohol syndrome; First arch syndrome; Focal femoral hypoplasia; Gastrointestinal atresia; Gastroschisis; Holoprosencephaly; Hydranencephaly; Hydronephrosis; Hydrops fetalis; Hypoplastic left heart syndrome ...
A congenital heart defect (CHD), also known as a congenital heart anomaly, congenital cardiovascular malformation, and congenital heart disease, is a defect in the structure of the heart or great vessels that is present at birth. [7] A congenital heart defect is classed as a cardiovascular disease. [10]
Ebstein's anomaly [31] – about 50% of individuals with Ebstein anomaly have an associated shunt between the right and left atria, either an atrial septal defect or a patent foramen ovale. [32] Fetal alcohol syndrome – about one in four patients with fetal alcohol syndrome has either an ASD or a ventricular septal defect. [33]
If radiofrequency catheter ablation is successfully performed, the condition is generally considered cured. Recurrence rates are typically less than 5% after a successful ablation. [26] Some patients, such as the ones with underlying Ebstein's anomaly and inherited cardiomyopathies, may have multiple accessory pathways. [28]
In some studies, the 1 year mortality rate of severe, medically treated TR is 36-42% with a 2-3.2 times increased risk of death in moderate or severe TR as compared to mild TR or no tricuspid valvular disease. [3] Even in those with mild TR, a large population based study showed about a 29% greater risk of death as compared to healthy controls ...
An accessory "bypass tract" can avoid the AV node and its protection so that the fast rate may be directly transmitted to the ventricles. This situation has characteristic findings on ECG. [14] A congenital heart lesion, Ebstein's anomaly, is most commonly associated with supraventricular tachycardia.