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The glass transition presents features of a second-order transition since thermal studies often indicate that the molar Gibbs energies, molar enthalpies, and the molar volumes of the two phases, i.e., the melt and the glass, are equal, while the heat capacity and the expansivity are discontinuous.
Examples of second-order phase transitions are the ferromagnetic transition, superconducting transition (for a Type-I superconductor the phase transition is second-order at zero external field and for a Type-II superconductor the phase transition is second-order for both normal-state–mixed-state and mixed-state–superconducting-state ...
Landau theory (also known as Ginzburg–Landau theory, despite the confusing name [1]) in physics is a theory that Lev Landau introduced in an attempt to formulate a general theory of continuous (i.e., second-order) phase transitions. [2]
The spins are arranged in a graph, ... The Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model of spin glass, ... there is a second-order phase transition: the free energy is infinite ...
Magnetic phase transitions can be either first order or second order. The nature of the transition can be inferred from the Arrott plot based on the slope of the magnetic isotherms. If the lines are all positive slope, the phase transition is second order, whereas if there are negative slope lines, the phase transition is first order.
The phase transition is continuous (second order) for [8] and discontinuous (first order) for >. [ 9 ] For the clock model, there is evidence that the corresponding phase transitions are infinite order BKT transitions , [ 10 ] and a continuous phase transition is observed when q ≤ 4 {\displaystyle q\leq 4} . [ 10 ]
Glass is sometimes considered to be a liquid due to its lack of a first-order phase transition [7] [15] where certain thermodynamic variables such as volume, entropy and enthalpy are discontinuous through the glass transition range. The glass transition may be described as analogous to a second-order phase transition where the intensive ...
In physics, critical opalescence refers to the dramatic increase in scattering of light in the region of a continuous, or second-order, phase transition.Near the critical point, the properties of the liquid and gas phases become indistinguishable.