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US bromine production, 1930-2012. US production of bromine began on a small scale in 1846, at the salt works at Freeport, Pennsylvania. Production expanded greatly after 1867, when salt manufacturers along the Ohio River Valley of Ohio and West Virginia began recovering bromine from the bittern brine left over after salt evaporation. [6]
Bromine: 1825 J. Balard and C. Löwig: 1825 J. Balard and C. Löwig They both discovered the element in the autumn of 1825. Balard published his results the next year, [121] but Löwig did not publish until 1827. [122] 90 Thorium: 1829 J. Berzelius: 1914 D. Lely, Jr. and L. Hamburger Berzelius obtained the oxide of a new earth in thorite. [123 ...
During his research on mineral salts he discovered bromine in 1825, as a brown gas evolving after the salt was treated with chlorine. [1] [2] [3] After working at the University of Heidelberg and the University of Zurich he became the successor to Robert Wilhelm Bunsen at the University of Breslau. He worked and lived in Breslau until his death ...
Today, bromine is transported in large-capacity metal drums or lead-lined tanks that can hold hundreds of kilograms or even tonnes of bromine. The bromine industry is about one-hundredth the size of the chlorine industry. Laboratory production is unnecessary because bromine is commercially available and has a long shelf life. [61]
Where desired, free bromine may be obtained by thermal decomposition of ferrous bromide. [1] Before Dow entered the bromine business, brine was evaporated by heating with wood scraps and then crystallized sodium chloride was removed. An oxidizing agent was added, and bromine was formed in the solution. Then bromine was distilled.
All the world's bromine production is derived from brine. The majority is recovered from Dead Sea brine at plants in Israel and Jordan, where bromine is a byproduct of potash recovery. Plants in the United States (see: Bromine production in the United States), China, Turkmenistan, and Ukraine, recover bromine from subsurface brines. In India ...
Great Lakes Chemical Company was founded in Michigan in 1936 to extract bromine from underground salt water brine deposits. It was acquired by McClanahan Oil in 1948 and rechristened Great Lakes Oil and Chemical Company, but by 1960 the company had moved away from oil and gas, instead focusing on the research and production of bromine-based chemicals.
Anthropogenic and natural sources of bromine. The major sources include sea spray, salt lakes, marshes, volcanos, anthropogenic sources. Sinks include exchange of brominated compounds with the stratospheric and troposphere.Bromine's chemistry is linked to other halogens such as chlorine and iodine amplify atmospheric cycling that contributes to troposphere and stratosphere ozone layer ...