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The collagen protein is composed of a triple helix, which generally consists of two identical chains (α1) and an additional chain that differs slightly in its chemical composition (α2). [23] The amino acid composition of collagen is atypical for proteins, particularly with respect to its high hydroxyproline content.
Type III Collagen is a homotrimer, or a protein composed of three identical peptide chains , each called an alpha 1 chain of type III collagen. Formally, the monomers are called collagen type III, alpha-1 chain and in humans are encoded by the COL3A1 gene .
Collagen, type I, alpha 1, also known as alpha-1 type I collagen, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL1A1 gene. COL1A1 encodes the major component of type I collagen , the fibrillar collagen found in most connective tissues , including cartilage .
Collagen α-1 (XXIII) chain is a protein encoded by COL23A1 gene, which is located on chromosome 5q35 in humans, and on chromosome 11B1+2 in mice. [5] The location of this gene was discovered by genomic sequence analysis. Collagen XXIII is a type II transmembrane protein and the fourth in the subfamily of non-fibrillar transmembranous collagens ...
Collagen alpha-3(IV) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL4A3 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Type IV collagen , the major structural component of basement membranes, is a multimeric protein composed of 3 alpha subunits; this gene encodes the alpha 3 subunit.
Collagen alpha-1(V) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL5A1 gene. [5] [6] This gene encodes an alpha chain for one of the low abundance fibrillar collagens. Fibrillar collagen molecules are trimers that can be composed of one or more types of alpha chains.
Collagen alpha-1(XIII) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL13A1 gene. [5]This gene encodes the alpha chain of one of the nonfibrillar collagens. The function of this gene product is not known, however, it has been detected at low levels in all connective tissue-producing cells so it may serve a general function in connective tissues.
Collagen alpha-3(VI) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL6A3 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] This protein is an alpha chain of type VI collagen that aids in microfibril formation. [ 8 ] As part of type VI collagen, this protein has been implicated in Bethlem myopathy, Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD), and other diseases ...