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Normal potassium levels in humans are between 3.5 and 5.0 mmol/L (3.5 and 5.0 mEq/L) with levels below 3.5 mmol/L defined as hypokalemia. [1][2] It is classified as severe when levels are less than 2.5 mmol/L. [1] Low levels may also be suspected based on an electrocardiogram (ECG). [1]
Potassium resides mainly inside the cells of the body, so its concentration in the blood can range anywhere from 3.5 mEq/L to 5 mEq/L. [9] The kidneys are responsible for excreting the majority of potassium from the body. [9] This means their function is crucial for maintaining a proper balance of potassium in the blood stream.
Ringer's lactate solution (RL), also known as sodium lactate solution, Lactated Ringer's (LR), and Hartmann's solution, is a mixture of sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride in water. [1] It is used for replacing fluids and electrolytes in those who have low blood volume or low blood pressure. [2]
Exercise can cause a release of potassium into bloodstream by increasing the number of potassium channels in the cell membrane. The degree of potassium elevation varies with the degree of exercise, which range from 0.3 meq/L in light exercise to 2 meq/L in heavy exercise, with or without accompanying ECG changes or lactic acidosis.
Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is a type of fluid replacement used to prevent and treat dehydration, especially due to diarrhea. [1] It involves drinking water with modest amounts of sugar and salts, specifically sodium and potassium. [1] Oral rehydration therapy can also be given by a nasogastric tube. [1]
Dietary Reference Intake. The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is a system of nutrition recommendations from the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) [a] of the National Academies (United States). [1] It was introduced in 1997 in order to broaden the existing guidelines known as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA s, see below).
An equivalent (symbol: officially equiv; [1] unofficially but often Eq[2]) is the amount of a substance that reacts with (or is equivalent to) an arbitrary amount (typically one mole) of another substance in a given chemical reaction. It is an archaic quantity that was used in chemistry and the biological sciences (see Equivalent weight § In ...
6.1 is the acid dissociation constant (pK a) of carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3) at normal body temperature [HCO − 3] is the concentration of bicarbonate in the blood in mEq/L; PaCO 2 is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood in mmHg; The kidney and the liver are two main organs responsible for the metabolic homeostasis of pH.