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Cadmium. hexagonal close-packed (hcp) (hP2) Cadmium is a chemical element; it has symbol Cd and atomic number 48. This soft, silvery-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. Like zinc, it demonstrates oxidation state +2 in most of its compounds, and like mercury, it has a lower melting ...
Copper. face-centered cubic (fcc) (cF4) Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu (from Latin cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkish-orange color. Copper is used as a conductor of heat and electricity ...
In astronomy, stellar classification is the classification of stars based on their spectral characteristics. Electromagnetic radiation from the star is analyzed by splitting it with a prism or diffraction grating into a spectrum exhibiting the rainbow of colors interspersed with spectral lines. Each line indicates a particular chemical element ...
The Sun is found on the main sequence at luminosity 1 (absolute magnitude 4.8) and B−V color index 0.66 (temperature 5780 K, spectral type G2V). The Hertzsprung–Russell diagram (abbreviated as H–R diagram, HR diagram or HRD) is a scatter plot of stars showing the relationship between the stars' absolute magnitudes or luminosities and ...
Betelgeuse's color may have changed from yellow (or possibly orange; i.e. a yellow supergiant) to red in the last few thousand years, based on a 2022 review of historical records. This color change combined with the CMD suggest a mass of 14 M ☉ and age of 14 Myr, and a distance from 125 to 150 parsecs (~400 to 500 light years).
Neutron stars have overall densities of 3.7 × 10 17 to 5.9 × 10 17 kg/m 3 (2.6 × 10 14 to 4.1 × 10 14 times the density of the Sun), [a] which is comparable to the approximate density of an atomic nucleus of 3 × 10 17 kg/m 3. [24] The density increases with depth, varying from about 1 × 10 9 kg/m 3 at the crust to an estimated 6 × 10 17 ...
Gold is the most malleable of all metals. It can be drawn into a wire of single-atom width, and then stretched considerably before it breaks. [14] Such nanowires distort via the formation, reorientation, and migration of dislocations and crystal twins without noticeable hardening. [15]
1 / 3 . A quark (/ kwɔːrk, kwɑːrk /) is a type of elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei. [1] All commonly observable matter is composed of up quarks, down quarks and electrons.