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Immune system. The immune system is a network of biological systems that protects an organism from diseases. It detects and responds to a wide variety of pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, as well as cancer cells and objects such as wood splinters, distinguishing them from the organism's own healthy tissue.
White blood cells (scientific name leukocytes), also called immune cells or immunocytes, are cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders. White blood cells include three main subtypes: granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes.
A representation of the cholera epidemic of the 19th century. For thousands of years mankind has been intrigued with the causes of disease and the concept of immunity. The prehistoric view was that disease was caused by supernatural forces, and that illness was a form of theurgic punishment for "bad deeds" or "evil thoughts" visited upon the soul by the gods or by one's enemies. [8]
Vaccination against vaccine-preventable diseases is a major relief of disease burden even though it usually cannot eradicate a disease. Vaccines against microorganisms that cause diseases can prepare the body's immune system, thus helping to fight or prevent an infection.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 16 September 2024. Administration of a vaccine to protect against disease This article is about administration of a vaccine. For the vaccines themselves, see vaccine. See also: Immunization Vaccinations Girl about to be vaccinated in her upper arm ICD-9-CM 99.3 - 99.5 [edit on Wikidata] Part of a series ...
In 2006, a vaccine was introduced against shingles, a disease caused by the chickenpox virus, which usually affects the elderly. [ 118 ] Scheduling and dosing of a vaccination may be tailored to the level of immunocompetence of an individual [ 119 ] and to optimize population-wide deployment of a vaccine when it supply is limited, [ 120 ] e.g ...
Cell-mediated immunity is directed primarily at microbes that survive in phagocytes and microbes that infect non-phagocytic cells. It is most effective in removing virus-infected cells, but also participates in defending against fungi, protozoans, cancers, and intracellular bacteria. It also plays a major role in transplant rejection.
In immunology, passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity of ready-made antibodies.Passive immunity can occur naturally, when maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus through the placenta, and it can also be induced artificially, when high levels of antibodies specific to a pathogen or toxin (obtained from humans, horses, or other animals) are transferred to non-immune ...