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The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a reference model from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that "provides a common basis for the coordination of standards development for the purpose of systems interconnection." [2] In the OSI reference model, the communications between systems are split into seven different ...
The Protocol Wars were a long-running debate in computer science that occurred from the 1970s to the 1990s, when engineers, organizations and nations became polarized over the issue of which communication protocol would result in the best and most robust networks. This culminated in the Internet–OSI Standards War in the 1980s and early 1990s ...
The Open Systems Interconnection protocols are a family of information exchange standards developed jointly by the ISO and the ITU-T. The standardization process began in 1977. While the seven-layer OSI model is often used as a reference for teaching and documentation, [2] the protocols originally conceived for the model did not gain popularity ...
Cross-layer optimization is an escape from the pure waterfall-like concept of the OSI communications model with virtually strict boundaries between layers. The cross layer approach transports feedback dynamically via the layer boundaries to enable the compensation for overload, latency or other mismatch of requirements and resources by any control input to another layer, but that layer ...
An interface control document (ICD) in systems engineering [1] and software engineering, provides a record of all interface information (such as drawings, diagrams, tables, and textual information) generated for a project. [2] The underlying interface documents provide the details and describe the interface or interfaces between subsystems or ...
The TCP/IP model does not consider the specifics of formatting and presenting data and does not define additional layers between the application and transport layers as in the OSI model (presentation and session layers). According to the TCP/IP model, such functions are the realm of libraries and application programming interfaces. The ...
Application layer. An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared communication protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network. [1] An application layer abstraction is specified in both the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and the OSI model. [2] Although both models use the same term for their ...
IEEE 802.2 is the original name of the ISO/IEC 8802-2 standard which defines logical link control (LLC) as the upper portion of the data link layer of the OSI Model. [1] The original standard developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in collaboration with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) was adopted by the International Organization for ...