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Job seekers ratio. Cold job market. Balanced job market. Hot job market. Job creation and unemployment are affected by factors such as aggregate demand, global competition, education, automation, and demographics. These factors can affect the number of workers, the duration of unemployment, and wage rates.
This results in what contemporary macroeconomics call structural unemployment, the presumed mismatch between the overall demand for labour in jobs offered and the individual job skills and location of labour. This differs from the Keynesian concept of cyclical unemployment, which is presumed to arise because of inadequate aggregate demand.
Structural unemployment. Structural unemployment is a form of involuntary unemployment caused by a mismatch between the skills that workers in the economy can offer, and the skills demanded of workers by employers (also known as the skills gap). Structural unemployment is often brought about by technological changes that make the job skills of ...
Shapiro–Stiglitz theory. In labour economics, Shapiro–Stiglitz theory of efficiency wages (or Shapiro–Stiglitz efficiency wage model) [1] is an economic theory of wages and unemployment in labour market equilibrium. It provides a technical description of why wages are unlikely to fall and how involuntary unemployment appears.
Unemployment, according to the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), is people above a specified age (usually 15) [2] not being in paid employment or self-employment but currently available for work during the reference period. [3] Unemployment is measured by the unemployment rate, which is the number of people who are ...
The persistently high US unemployment rate is one of those problems that has defied an exact description. There are those who believe that continuing high. Before you can fix something, it's good ...
e. Labour economics, or labor economics, seeks to understand the functioning and dynamics of the markets for wage labour. Labour is a commodity that is supplied by labourers, usually in exchange for a wage paid by demanding firms. [1][2] Because these labourers exist as parts of a social, institutional, or political system, labour economics ...
The unemployment rate (U-3), measured as the number of persons unemployed divided by the civilian labor force, rose from 5.0% in December 2007 to peak at 10.0% in October 2009, before steadily falling to 4.7% by December 2016 and then to 3.5% by December 2019. [ 40 ] By August 2023, it reached 3.8 percent.