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An analog signal (in red) encoded to 4-bit PCM digital samples (in blue); the bit depth is four, so each sample's amplitude is one of 16 possible values (16 = 2 4). In digital audio using pulse-code modulation (PCM), bit depth is the number of bits of information in each sample , and it directly corresponds to the resolution of each sample.
Sample rate Bit rate Bits per sample Latency CBR VBR Stereo Multichannel G.711: companding A-law or μ-law, PCM: 8 kHz 64 kbit/s 8 bit 125 μs (typical) Yes No No No G.711.0: Lossless compression of G.711: 8 kHz 0.2–65.6 kbit/s 8 bit 5–40 ms No Yes No No G.711.1: MDCT, A-law, μ-law: 8, 16 kHz 64, 80, 96 kbit/s 16 bit 11.875 ms Yes Yes No No
Ultimately Sony prevailed on both sample rate (44.1 kHz) and bit depth (16 bits per sample, rather than 14 bits per sample). The technical reasoning behind the rate being chosen is associated with characteristics of human hearing and early digital audio recording systems as described below. [1]: sec. 8.5
SoX being used to process some audio: $ sox track1.wav track1-processed.flac remix - norm -3 highpass 22 gain -3 rate 48k norm -3 dither Input File : 'track1.wav' Channels : 2 Sample Rate : 44100 Precision : 16-bit Duration : 00:02:54.97 = 7716324 samples = 13123 CDDA sectors Sample Encoding: 16-bit Signed Integer PCM Endian Type : little Output File : 'track1-processed.flac' Channels : 1 ...
CD audio, for example, has a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz (44,100 samples per second), and has 16-bit resolution for each stereo channel. Analog signals that have not already been bandlimited must be passed through an anti-aliasing filter before conversion, to prevent the aliasing distortion that is caused by audio signals with frequencies higher ...
ALAC supports up to 8 channels of audio at 16, 20, 24 and 32 bit depth with a maximum sample rate of 384 kHz. ALAC data is frequently stored within an MP4 container with the filename extension.m4a. This extension is also used by Apple for lossy AAC audio data in an MP4 container (same container, different audio encoding).
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This utility writes 24-bit WAV output files with four bits of padding per sample. The author of the utility decided not to make the source code publicly available as the HDCD technology is patented. [17] Illustrate's dBpoweramp Music Converter, a Windows GUI program, has an HDCD DSP effect that acts as a front-end to the utility listed above. [18]