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In Python, the library's copy module provides shallow copy and deep copy of objects through the copy() and deepcopy() functions, respectively. [13] Programmers may define special methods __copy__() and __deepcopy__() in an object to provide custom copying implementation. In Ruby, all objects inherit two methods for performing shallow copies ...
If the default behavior ("shallow copy") is actually the intended one, then an explicit definition, although redundant, will be "self-documenting code" indicating that it was an intention rather than an oversight. Modern C++ includes a syntax for expressly specifying that a default function is desired without having to type out the function body.
Modular programming is a software design technique that emphasizes separating the functionality of a program into independent, interchangeable modules, such that each contains everything necessary to execute only one aspect or "concern" of the desired functionality. A module interface expresses the elements that are provided and required by the ...
In software engineering, the module pattern is a design pattern used to implement the concept of software modules, defined by modular programming, ...
The above modules export the entire C++ standard library, meaning that as of currently, the standard library must be imported in its entirety. Furthermore, modules do not allow for granular imports of specific namespaces, classes, or symbols within a module, unlike Java or Rust which do allow for the aforementioned.
Another loophole [11] applies both to C and C++. Specifically, the languages dictate that member pointers and references are "shallow" with respect to the const-ness of their owners – that is, a containing object that is const has all const members except that member pointees (and referees) are still mutable. To illustrate, consider this C++ ...
In the C++ programming language, the assignment operator, =, is the operator used for assignment.Like most other operators in C++, it can be overloaded.. The copy assignment operator, often just called the "assignment operator", is a special case of assignment operator where the source (right-hand side) and destination (left-hand side) are of the same class type.
A change in one module usually forces a ripple effect of changes in other modules. Assembly of modules might require more effort and/or time due to the increased inter-module dependency. A particular module might be harder to reuse and/or test because dependent modules must be included.