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While a laborious administrative unification began, a first Italian parliament was elected and, on 17 March 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of Italy. [16] From 1861 to 1946, Italy was a constitutional monarchy founded on the Albertine Statute, named after the king who promulgated it in 1848, Charles Albert of Sardinia.
Fascist Italy became a leading member of the Axis powers in World War II. By 1943, the German-Italian defeat on multiple fronts and the subsequent Allied landings in Sicily led to the fall of the Fascist regime. Mussolini was placed under arrest by order of the King Victor Emmanuel III.
Surrender of Caserta, whereby the German forces in Italy surrender, ending the Italian Campaign of World War II and the Italian Civil War. 10 December: Alcide De Gasperi becomes prime minister, holding the office until 1953. He is one of the Founding Fathers of the European Union and the first republican prime minister of Italy. 1946: 22 April
Electoral ballot of the 1946 Italian institutional referendum. Victor Emmanuel formally abdicated on 9 May 1946; [30] his son became king as Umberto II of Italy. The 1946 Italian institutional referendum was held on 2 June. [31] The republican side won 54% of the vote and Italy officially became a republic. The Kingdom of Italy was no more.
The Kingdom of Italy (Italian: Regno d'Italia [ˈreɲɲo diˈtaːlja]) was a state that existed from 17 March 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy, until 10 June 1946, when the monarchy was abolished, following civil discontent that led to an institutional referendum on 2 June 1946.
1946 — He exercised the powers of Provisional Head of State as Prime Minister between the departure of King Umberto II on 12 June 1946, and the proclamation of Enrico De Nicola as Head of State by the Constituent Assembly: 1: Enrico De Nicola (1877–1959) 1: 1 July 1946 25 June 1947 1946 — 78.57% 396 2: 26 June 1947 1 January 1948 1947 ...
Einaudi was Governor of the Bank of Italy from 5 January 1945 until 11 May 1948, and was also a founding member of the Consulta Nazionale which opened the way to the new Parliament of the Italian Republic after World War II. Later he was Minister of Finances, Treasury and Balance, as well as Vice-Premier, in 1947–48.
It is estimated that between September 1943 and April 1945, some 60,000 Allied and 50,000 German soldiers died in Italy. [c] During World War II, Italian war crimes included extrajudicial killings and ethnic cleansing [218] by the deportation of about 25,000 people, mainly Jews, Croats, and Slovenians, to the Italian concentration camps, such ...