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A surgical instrument is a medical device for performing specific actions or carrying out desired effects during a surgery or operation, such as modifying biological tissue, or to provide access for viewing it. [1] Over time, many different kinds of surgical instruments and tools have been invented.
Access instrument. Used to create an opening into a space without opening the abdominal cavity. A camera is inserted through one to view the interior while instruments are inserted through the others to manipulate the organs. Ultrasonic energy device Surgical device typically used to dissect tissue, but also seals small vessels and tissue bundles
Surgical cutting instruments are often made from 440 or 420 stainless due to its high hardness coupled with acceptable corrosion resistance. This type of stainless steel may be slightly magnetic. General surgical tools are made from other chromium-bearing stainless steels, such as 17-4 .
Disposable scalpels usually have a plastic handle with an extensible blade (like a utility knife) and are used once, then the entire instrument is discarded. Scalpel blades are usually individually packed in sterile pouches but are also offered non-sterile. Alternatives to scalpels in surgical applications include electrocautery and lasers.
A bone cutter is a surgical instrument used to cut or remove bones. [1] [2] In addition to surgery, they are also used in forensics and dismemberment. Types of medical bone cutters include: Unpowered – Unpowered bone cutting implements include varieties of hacksaw.
Surgical scissors are scissors specially manufactured as surgical instruments, typically used for cutting sutures, dressings, and cutting and dissecting biological tissue. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Surgical scissors are usually made of surgical steel.
Close-up demonstration of a surgical skin stapler. The first commercial staplers were made of stainless steel with titanium staples loaded into reloadable staple cartridges. Modern surgical staplers are either disposable and made of plastic, or reusable and made of stainless steel. Both types are generally loaded using disposable cartridges.
The earliest known drawing of a pivoting surgical instrument dates from 1500 B.C. and is on a tomb at Thebes, Egypt. Later Roman bronze and steel pivot-controlled instruments were found in Pompeii. In the ninth century A.D., Abulcasis made illustrations of pivoting instruments for tooth extraction. [2]