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The basic quantities describing a sphere (meaning a 2-sphere, a 2-dimensional surface inside 3-dimensional space) will be denoted by the following variables r {\displaystyle r} is the radius, C = 2 π r {\displaystyle C=2\pi r} is the circumference (the length of any one of its great circles ),
The following is a list of second moments of area of some shapes. The second moment of area, also known as area moment of inertia, is a geometrical property of an area which reflects how its points are distributed with respect to an arbitrary axis. The unit of dimension of the second moment of area is length to fourth power, L 4, and should not ...
For shapes with curved boundary, calculus is usually required to compute the area. Indeed, the problem of determining the area of plane figures was a major motivation for the historical development of calculus. [5] For a solid shape such as a sphere, cone, or cylinder, the area of its boundary surface is called the surface area.
The following is a list of centroids of various two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects. The centroid of an object in -dimensional space is the intersection of all hyperplanes that divide into two parts of equal moment about the hyperplane.
Lists of shapes cover different types of geometric shape and related topics. They include mathematics topics and other lists of shapes, such as shapes used by drawing ...
This is a list of two-dimensional geometric shapes in Euclidean and other geometries. For mathematical objects in more dimensions, see list of mathematical shapes. For a broader scope, see list of shapes.
An arbitrary shape. ρ is the distance to the element dA, with projections x and y on the x and y axes.. The second moment of area for an arbitrary shape R with respect to an arbitrary axis ′ (′ axis is not drawn in the adjacent image; is an axis coplanar with x and y axes and is perpendicular to the line segment) is defined as ′ = where
A figure is a representation including both shape and size (as in, e.g., figure of the Earth). A plane shape or plane figure is constrained to lie on a plane, in contrast to solid 3D shapes. A two-dimensional shape or two-dimensional figure (also: 2D shape or 2D figure) may lie on a more general curved surface (a two-dimensional space).