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Angular 2.0 was announced at the ng-Europe conference 22–23 October 2014. [17] On April 30, 2015, the Angular developers announced that Angular 2 moved from Alpha to Developer Preview. [18] Angular 2 moved to Beta in December 2015, [19] and the first release candidate was published in May 2016. [20] The final version was released on 14 ...
Beamforming or spatial filtering is a signal processing technique used in sensor arrays for directional signal transmission or reception. [1] This is achieved by combining elements in an antenna array in such a way that signals at particular angles experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference.
A Butler matrix is a beamforming network used to feed a phased array of antenna elements. Its purpose is to control the direction of a beam, or beams, of radio transmission . It consists of an n × n {\displaystyle n\times n} matrix ( n {\displaystyle n} some power of two) with hybrid couplers and fixed-value phase shifters at the junctions.
Adaptive beamforming was initially developed in the 1960s for the military applications of sonar and radar. [1] There exist several modern applications for beamforming, one of the most visible applications being commercial wireless networks such as LTE. Initial applications of adaptive beamforming were largely focused in radar and electronic ...
Three-dimensional beamforming (3DBF), full dimension MIMO or tilt angle adaptation is an interference coordination method in cellular networks and radar systems which brings significant improvements in comparison with conventional 2D beamforming techniques. Most beamforming schemes currently employed in wireless cellular networks control the ...
Zero-forcing (or null-steering) precoding is a method of spatial signal processing by which a multiple antenna transmitter can null the multiuser interference in a multi-user MIMO wireless communication system. [1]
Beam steering is a technique for changing the direction of the main lobe of a radiation pattern.. In radio and radar systems, beam steering may be accomplished by switching the antenna elements or by changing the relative phases of the RF signals driving the elements.
Angular resolution (arc seconds) Wavelength Type Site Year Global mm-VLBI Array (successor to the Coordinated Millimeter VLBI Array) 0.000012 (12 μas) radio (at 1.3 cm) very long baseline interferometry array of different radio telescopes: a range of locations on Earth and in space [8] 2002 - Very Large Telescope/PIONIER: 0.001 (1 mas)