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Income inequality in India refers to the unequal distribution of wealth and income among its citizens. According to the CIA World Factbook , the Gini coefficient of India, which is a measure of income distribution inequality, was 35.2 in 2011, ranking 95th out of 157. [ 2 ]
Income inequality in India has been a major concern, especially since 2016. The top 10% of the population holds 77% of the total national wealth, with the richest 1% acquiring 73% of the wealth generated in 2017, while the poorest half of the population, about 670 million people, saw only a 1% increase in their wealth. [90]
A new study from the World Inequality Lab finds that the present-day golden era of Indian billionaires has produced soaring income inequality in India—now among the highest in the world and ...
The history of economic inequality is the study of the evolution of the uneven distribution of wealth or income ... Share of the top 1% income in Russia and India ...
Although ancient India had a significant urban population, much of India's population resided in villages, whose economies were largely isolated and self-sustaining. [citation needed] Agriculture was the predominant occupation and satisfied a village's food requirements while providing raw materials for hand-based industries such as textile, food processing and crafts.
Income ratios include the pre-tax national income share held by the top 10% of the population and the ratio of the upper bound value of the ninth decile (i.e., the 10% of people with the highest income) to that of the upper bound value of the first decile (the ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%).
The concept of inequality is distinct from that of poverty [5] and fairness. Income inequality metrics (or income distribution metrics) are used by social scientists to measure the distribution of income, and economic inequality among the participants in a particular economy, such as that of a specific country or of the world in general.
Since 2007, India has set its official threshold at ₹ 26 a day ($0.43) in rural areas and about ₹ 32 per day ($0.53) in urban areas. [46] While these numbers are lower than the World Bank's $1.25 per day income-based definition, the definition is similar to China's US$0.65 per day official poverty line in 2008. [47]