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Any of the factors below may cause the spaces in the spine to narrow. Spinal ligaments can thicken (ligamenta flava) [24] [25] Bone spurs develop on the bone and into the spinal canal or foraminal openings; Intervertebral discs may bulge or herniate into the canal or foraminal openings [26] Degenerative disc disease causes narrowing of the ...
A bone fracture (abbreviated FRX or Fx, F x, or #) is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of any bone in the body. In more severe cases, the bone may be broken into several fragments, known as a comminuted fracture. [1]
The burst fracture is categorized by the "severity of the deformity, the severity of (spinal) canal compromise, the degree of loss of vertebral body height, and the degree of neurologic deficit." [2] Burst fractures are considered more severe than compression fractures because long-term neurological damage can follow. The neurologic deficits ...
Treatment options for NC aim to cure the underlying cause of the condition, such as lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) or other degenerative spinal diseases. Decreased walking and lower body motor ability due to NC is the primary disabling feature of LSS. [ 18 ]
The most common cause of compartment syndrome in children is traumatic injury. [77] In children <10 years of age, the cause is usually vascular injury or infection. [78] In children >14 years of age, the cause is usually due to trauma or surgical positioning. [78] Treatment for compartment syndrome in children is the same as adults. [72]
Severe narrowing of the lateral portion of the canal is called lateral recess stenosis. The ligamentum flavum (yellow ligament), an important structural component intimately adjacent to the posterior portion of the dural sac (nerve sac) can become thickened and cause stenosis.
A compression fracture is a collapse of a vertebra. It may be due to trauma or due to a weakening of the vertebra (compare with burst fracture ). This weakening is seen in patients with osteoporosis or osteogenesis imperfecta , lytic lesions from metastatic or primary tumors , [ 1 ] or infection. [ 2 ]
It can cause low back pain, weakness or paralysis in the lower limbs, loss of sensation, bowel and bladder dysfunction, and loss of reflexes. [39] There may be bilateral sciatica with central disc prolapse and altered gait. [38] Unlike conus medullaris syndrome, symptoms often occur only on one side of the body. [37]