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The World Health Organization has stated that "the risk of death from pathogens is at least 100 to 1000 times greater than the risk of cancer from disinfection by-products (DBPs)" {and} the "risk of illness from pathogens is at least 10 000 to 1 million times greater than the risk of cancer from DBPs". [16]
The chloroform molecule can be viewed as a methane molecule with three hydrogen atoms replaced with three chlorine atoms, leaving a single hydrogen atom. The name "chloroform" is a portmanteau of terchloride (tertiary chloride, a trichloride) and formyle, an obsolete name for the methylylidene radical (CH) derived from formic acid. [citation ...
IARC group 2B substances, mixtures and exposure circumstances are those that have been classified as "possibly carcinogenic to humans" by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as [1] This category is used when there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and less than sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals.
Now, limonene itself isn't particularly dangerous, but when it's released into the air, it reacts with ozone to create formaldehyde -- yes, the same formaldehyde used in embalming.
Only chloroform has significant applications of the haloforms. In the predominant application, chloroform is required for the production of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), precursor to teflon . [ 1 ] Chloroform is fluorinated by reaction with hydrogen fluoride to produce chlorodifluoromethane (R-22).
VOCs in cleaning supplies can also cause more serious conditions, such as respiratory diseases and cancer. [81] One study found that n-nonane and formaldehyde were the main drivers of eye and upper respiratory tract irritation while cancer risks were driven by chloroform and formaldehyde. [81]
Of particular concern to the researchers was the nationwide prevalence of cancer-causing “forever chemicals,” which appeared in the drinking water of more than 143 million people.
IARC group 1 Carcinogens are substances, chemical mixtures, and exposure circumstances which have been classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). [1] This category is used when there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans.