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He was the first son of Surya Wonowidjojo (Tjoa Jien Hwie), founder of Gudang Garam, a major Indonesian kretek (clove cigarette) manufacturer. [ 4 ] Halim succeeded his father to become the CEO of Gudang Garam in 1984, and expanded the company into other fields, such as the Halim Indonesia Bank [ 5 ] (now, Bank ICBC Indonesia).
By 1969, Gudang Garam was producing 864 million sticks a year and was indisputably the largest kretek producer in Indonesia and Taiwan. In 1979, Wonowidjojo completely renovated Gudang Garam's production system, ordered thirty rolling machines, and developed a new formula for his machine-made kretek .
Ground garam masala. Garam masala (Hindustani:- garam masālā, lit. transl. hot or warm spices) is a blend of ground spices originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is common in Indian, Pakistani, Nepalese, Bangladeshi, and Caribbean cuisines. [1] [2] It is used alone or with other seasonings. The specific combination differs by district ...
Ibu Pertiwi is a popular theme in Indonesian patriotic songs and poems and was mentioned in several of them, such as the song "Ibu Pertiwi" and "Indonesia Pusaka".In the national anthem "Indonesia Raya", the lyrics "Jadi pandu ibuku" ("[is] the scout/guide to my mother") is a reference to Ibu Pertiwi as the metaphorical mother of the Indonesian people. [2]
These are the list of federal constituencies (Bahagian Pilihan Raya Persekutuan) followed by the state constituencies (Bahagian Pilihan Raya Negeri) in Malaysia.. Each federal constituency contains 2 to 6 state constituencies, except in the Federal Territories where there are only federal constituencies.