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In the early modern period (1500 - 1800 CE), Republicanism became more prevalent, but monarchy still remained predominant in Europe until the end of the 19th century. After World War I, however, most European monarchies were abolished. There remain, as of 2025, twelve sovereign monarchies in Europe.
These are the approximate categories which present monarchies fall into: [citation needed]. Commonwealth realms.King Charles III is the monarch of fifteen Commonwealth realms (Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, and the United ...
Most states only have a single monarch at any given time, although a regent may rule when the monarch is a minor, not present, or otherwise incapable of ruling. [5] Cases in which two monarchs rule simultaneously over a single state, as is the current situation in Andorra, are known as coregencies .
This is a list of countries by date of their last transition from a monarchy to a republican form of government. There were two periods in recent history when many such transitions took place: during or within five years after World War I (1914–1923) – marked in green; during or within five years after World War II (1939–1950) – marked ...
The three countries remained in this situation until the union was ended in the aftermath of World War I, in 1918. The Austro-Hungarian Empire was the union of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary between 1867 and 1918 under a new constitution, the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 , or Ausgleich.
With the war having turned decisively against the Central Powers, the people of Austria-Hungary lost faith in their allied countries, and even before the armistice in November, radical nationalism had already led to several declarations of independence in south-central Europe after November 1918. As the central government had ceased to operate ...
2 December 1852 4 September 1870 Abdicated: 9 January 1873 [6] Germany: Wilhelm II: Emperor of Germany, King of Prussia: 27 January 1859 15 June 1888 9 November 1918 Abdicated: 9 June 1941 [7] Greece: Constantine II: King of the Hellenes: 2 June 1940 6 March 1964 1 June 1973 Deposed: 10 January 2023 [8] Iceland: Christian X: King of Iceland: 26 ...
Communist government of the Czechs and Slovaks after World War II behind the Iron Curtain. Danzig (League of Nations) 1920 1939 Poland: Protectorate of the League of Nations; annexed by Nazi Germany during the invasion of Poland in World War II. Federal State of Austria: 1934 1938 Austria: Finnish Democratic Republic: 1939 1940 Russia