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Leaves of most plants include a flat structure called the blade or lamina supported by a network of veins, a petiole and a leaf base; [1] but not all leaves are flat, some are cylindrical. [ citation needed ] Leaves may be simple, with a single leaf blade, or compound, with several leaflets .
Evergreen and deciduous conifers, mostly trees and some shrubs, with heavily scented resin. Leaves are needle-shaped or linear. Pinus pinea is grown commercially for pine nuts. Many species are grown as ornamentals, especially for winter holidays. [8] Pinales
Spring in temperate deciduous forests is a period of ground vegetation and seasonal herb growth, a process that starts early in the season before trees have regrown their leaves and when ample sunlight is available. Once a suitable temperature is reached in mid- to late spring, budding and flowering of tall deciduous trees also begins.
In many species with spirally arranged leaves, such as Abies grandis (pictured), the leaf bases are twisted to present the leaves in a very flat plane for maximum light capture. Leaf size varies from 2 mm in many scale-leaved species, up to 400 mm long in the needles of some pines (e.g. Apache pine, Pinus engelmannii ).
The stems are resinous, oily, and glabrous to puberulent, with stipules less than 1.5 mm. [4] Emerging from the stems are alternate spirally arranged leaves, and sometimes branches. The leaves are linear, often 5 to 10 mm long, and shaped like needles. [5] They are shaped nearly round in cross section, and end apiculate, or with a sharp tip. [3]
Marcescent leaves of pin oak (Quercus palustris) complete development of their abscission layer in the spring. [8] The base of the petiole remains alive over the winter. Many other trees may have marcescent leaves in seasons where an early freeze kills the leaves before the abscission layer develops or completes development.
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Deciduous trees experience much less branch and trunk breakage from glaze ice storms when leafless, and plants can reduce water loss due to the reduction in availability of liquid water during cold winter days. [16] Losing leaves in winter may reduce damage from insects; repairing leaves and keeping them functional may be more costly than just ...