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Southern British tribes before the Roman invasion. In common with other regions on the edge of the empire, Britain had enjoyed diplomatic and trading links with the Romans in the century since Julius Caesar's expeditions in 55 and 54 BC, and Roman economic and cultural influence was a significant part of the British late pre-Roman Iron Age, especially in the south.
As the Roman Empire declined, its hold on Britain loosened. By AD 410, Roman forces had been withdrawn, and small, isolated bands of migrating Germans began to invade Britain. This was not a concerted invasion under a single leader, [10] and there is a debate over how extensive the Germanic migration into England was.
Roman Britain was the territory that became the Roman province of Britannia after the Roman conquest of Britain, consisting of a large part of the island of Great Britain. The occupation lasted from AD 43 to AD 410. [1] [2] Julius Caesar invaded Britain in 55 and 54 BC as part of his Gallic Wars. [3]
The area of present-day England was part of the Roman province of Britannia from 43 AD. [7] The province seems unlikely ever to have been as deeply integrated into Roman culture as nearby Continental provinces, however, [8] and from the crisis of the third century Britain was often ruled by Roman usurpers who were in conflict with the central government in Rome, such as Postumus (about 260 ...
Date Event c.10–c.40: Reign of Cunobelinus, an influential king of southern England before the Roman occupation; son of Tasciovanus [2] 43: Aulus Plautius leads an army of forty thousand to invade Great Britain; [3] Emperor Claudius makes Britain a part of the Roman Empire [4] C. 47 – 50 London settled by the Romans, known as Londinium [5]
The last Roman ruler of Britain, the self-proclaimed emperor Constantine III (reign 407-411), moved Roman forces based in Britain to the continent. The Romano-British citizens reportedly expelled their Roman officials during this period, and never again re-joined the Roman empire. [ 23 ]
Around this time the earliest mentions of Britain appear in the annals of history. The first historical mention of the region is from the Massaliote Periplus, a sailing manual for merchants thought to date to the 6th century BC, and Pytheas of Massilia wrote of his voyage of discovery to the island around 325 BC. Both of these texts are now ...
The Romans much preferred the Gauls to the Germanic tribes as neighbors. One of the consuls of 60 and one of 59 BC (Caesar) both wanted to lead a campaign against the Gauls, though neither had a casus belli at the time. [29] On 28 March in 58 BC, the Helvetii began their migration, bringing along all their peoples and livestock.