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Shallow foundations of a house versus the deep foundations of a skyscraper. Foundation with pipe fixtures coming through the sleeves. In engineering, a foundation is the element of a structure which connects it to the ground or more rarely, water (as with floating structures), transferring loads from the structure to the ground.
Floating raft is a land-based building foundation that protects it against settlement and liquefaction of soft soil from seismic activity. It was a necessary innovation in the development of tall buildings in the wet soil of Chicago in the 19th century, when it was developed by John Wellborn Root who came up with the idea of interlacing the concrete slab with steel beams.
A number of pattern books have been very influential in spreading architectural styles. An early author of pattern books was American architect Minard Lafever. In 1829 he published The Young Builders' General Instructor, followed by Modern Builders' Guide in 1833, The Beauties of Modern Architecture in 1835 and The Architectural Instructor in 1850.
This is one of the most common types of foundations suffering from subsidence-related damage and according to the Building Research Establishment subsidence database, mass concrete underpinning was the most common underpinning and was often applied only to part of a building. If the soils have a low bearing capacity partial underpinning may ...
The first edition of NZS 3604 was published in November 1978, replacing provisions in the NZS 1900 Model building bylaw series. [3] Similar timber-framed building standards have existed in New Zealand since the aftermath of the 1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake. [1] The current revision of the standard is NZS 3604:2011, published in February 2011. [2]
Uniformat is a standard for classifying building specifications, cost estimating, and cost analysis in the U.S. and Canada. The elements are major components common to most buildings. The system can be used to provide consistency in the economic evaluation of building projects.
Download QR code; Print/export Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects Wikimedia Commons; Wikiversity; ... Pages in category "Foundations (buildings and ...
COBie was developed by Bill East, of the US Army Corps of Engineers, while at the Construction Engineering Research Laboratory in 2007. [3] The project was funded with an initial grant from the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (through National Institute of Standards and Technology).