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  2. Sufism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufism

    The Arabic word tasawwuf (lit. ' 'Sufism' '), generally translated as Sufism, is commonly defined by Western authors as Islamic mysticism. [14] [15] [16] The Arabic term Sufi has been used in Islamic literature with a wide range of meanings, by both proponents and opponents of Sufism. [14]

  3. History of Sufism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sufism

    Sufism is the mystical branch of Islam in which Muslims seek divine love and truth through direct personal experience of God. [1] This mystic tradition within Islam developed in several stages of growth, emerging first in the form of early asceticism, based on the teachings of Hasan al-Basri, before entering the second stage of more classical mysticism of divine love, as promoted by al-Ghazali ...

  4. Manichaean scripture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manichaean_scripture

    But my religion, however, thanks to its living classics, its preachers, bishops, friars, and laymen, and thanks to its wisdom and writings, will endure to the end." [ 4 ] The Gospel of Mani may have been designed as a gospel of the gnostic type, perhaps intended to comment on or replace the Christian gospel .

  5. Torah database - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torah_database

    A Torah database (מאגר תורני or מאגר יהדות) is a collection of classic Jewish texts in electronic form, the kinds of texts which, especially in Israel, are often called "The Traditional Jewish Bookshelf" (ארון הספרים היהודי); the texts are in their original languages (Hebrew or Aramaic).

  6. Sufi literature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufi_literature

    The verse of such Sufi poets as Sanai (died c. 1140), Attar (born c. 1119), and Rumi (died 1273) protested against oppression with an emphasis on divine justice and criticized evil rulers, religious fanaticism and the greed and hypocrisy of the orthodox Muslim clergy. The poetic forms used by these writers were similar to the folk song, parable ...

  7. Sufi philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufi_philosophy

    Ottoman Dervish portrayed by Amedeo Preziosi, c. 1860s, Muzeul Naţional de Artă al României. The emergence of Sufi thought is commonly linked to the historical developments of the Middle East in the seventh and eighth centuries CE following the life of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and its development took place throughout the centuries after that.

  8. Haymanot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haymanot

    Haymanot (Ge'ez: ሃይማኖት) is the branch of Judaism which is practiced by the Beta Israel, also known as Ethiopian Jews. In Geʽez, Tigrinya and Amharic, Haymanot means 'religion' or 'faith'. Thus in modern Amharic and Tigrinya, it is common to speak of the Christian haymanot, the Jewish haymanot or the Muslim haymanot.

  9. Revisionist school of Islamic studies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revisionist_school_of...

    God's Caliph: Religious Authority In the First Centuries of Islam (PDF). Cambridge University Press; Fred Donner: Muhammad and the Believers. At the Origins of Islam, Harvard University Press, 2010 ISBN 978-0-674-05097-6; Holland, Tom (2012). In the Shadow of the Sword. UK: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-53135-1