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Humanistic psychology is a psychological perspective that arose in the mid-20th century in answer to two theories: Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and B. F. Skinner's behaviorism. [1] Thus, Abraham Maslow established the need for a "third force" in psychology. [2]
In evolutionary psychology and evolutionary anthropology, dual strategies theory states humans increase their status in social hierarchies using two major strategies known as dominance and prestige. The first and oldest of the two strategies, dominance, is exemplified by the use of force, implied force or other forms of coercion to take social ...
Coercion involves compelling a party to act in an involuntary manner through the use of threats, including threats to use force against that party. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It involves a set of forceful actions which violate the free will of an individual in order to induce a desired response.
While the specific progression of force varies considerably (especially the wide gap between empty hand control and deadly force) among different agencies and jurisdictions, one example of a general use of force continuum model cited in a U.S. government publication on use of force is shown below. [5]
[11] [12] Those general principles were later distilled into nine points by Charles Reith in his 1948 book A Short History of the British Police and it is in this form they are usually cited: [9] [11] [12] To prevent crime and disorder, as an alternative to their repression by military force and severity of legal punishment.
Three Principles Psychology (TPP), previously known as Health Realization (HR), is a resiliency approach to personal and community psychology [1] first developed in the 1980s by Roger C. Mills and George Pransky, who were influenced by the teachings of philosopher and author Sydney Banks. [2]
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Logotherapy is a form of existential therapy developed by neurologist and psychiatrist Viktor Frankl. [1] It is founded on the premise that the primary motivational force of individuals is to find meaning in life. [2]