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Collision frequency describes the rate of collisions between two atomic or molecular species in a given volume, per unit time. In an ideal gas , assuming that the species behave like hard spheres, the collision frequency between entities of species A and species B is: [ 1 ]
The plasma collisionality is defined as [4] [5] =, where denotes the electron-ion collision frequency, is the major radius of the plasma, is the inverse aspect-ratio, and is the safety factor. The plasma parameters m i {\displaystyle m_{\mathrm {i} }} and T i {\displaystyle T_{\mathrm {i} }} denote, respectively, the mass and temperature of the ...
For a diluted solution in the gas or the liquid phase, the collision equation developed for neat gas is not suitable when diffusion takes control of the collision frequency, i.e., the direct collision between the two molecules no longer dominates. For any given molecule A, it has to collide with a lot of solvent molecules, let's say molecule C ...
The collision cross section per volume or collision cross section density is ... The equation above presupposes that the gas density is low (i.e. the pressure is low
At a resonance frequency , called the plasma frequency, the dielectric function changes sign from negative to positive and real part of the dielectric function drops to zero. ω p = n e 2 ε 0 m {\displaystyle \omega _{\rm {p}}={\sqrt {\frac {ne^{2}}{\varepsilon _{0}m}}}} The plasma frequency represents a plasma oscillation resonance or plasmon .
is the momentum-transfer collision frequency, m {\displaystyle m} is the mass. Mobility is related to the species' diffusion coefficient D {\displaystyle D} through an exact (thermodynamically required) equation known as the Einstein relation : μ = q k T D , {\displaystyle \mu ={\frac {q}{kT}}D,} where
Molecules in a fluid constantly collide with each other. The mean free time for a molecule in a fluid is the average time between collisions. The mean free path of the molecule is the product of the average speed and the mean free time. [1]
Also called the probability factor, the steric factor is defined as the ratio between the experimental value of the rate constant and the one predicted by collision theory. It can also be defined as the ratio between the pre-exponential factor and the collision frequency , and it is most often less than unity.