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The history of the Quran, the holy book of Islam, is the timeline ranging from the inception of the Quran during the lifetime of Muhammad (believed to have received the Quran through revelation between 610 and 632 CE [1]), to the emergence, transmission, and canonization of its written copies.
Sura al-Baqarah, verses 282–286, from an early Quranic manuscript written on vellum (mid-late 7th century CE). In Muslim tradition the Quran is the final revelation from God, Islam's divine text, delivered to the Islamic prophet Muhammad through the angel Jibril (Gabriel).
The Quran was canonized only after Muhammad's death in 632 CE. According to Islamic tradition the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan (r. 23/644–35 AH/655 CE) established the canonical Qur'an, reportedly starting the process in 644 CE, [6] and completing the work around 650 CE (the exact date was not recorded by early Arab annalists). [7]
[48] [49] Thus, within 20 years of Muhammad's death in 632, [50] the complete Quran was committed to written form as the Uthmanic codex. That text became the model from which copies were made and promulgated throughout the urban centers of the Muslim world, and other versions are believed to have been destroyed.
According to traditional Islamic scholarship, all of the Quran was written down by Muhammad's companions while he was alive (during CE 610–632 [8]), but it was primarily an orally related document. Following the death of Muhammad the Quran ceased to be revealed, and companions who had memorized the Quran began to die off (particularly after ...
Tafsir ibn Kathir (Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim) by Ibn Kathir (1301—1373 CE/ 774 AH). A summary of the earlier interpretation by al-Tabari. Available online. [17] It has been summarized as Mukhtasar Tafsir Ibn Kathir in 3 volumes by Muhammad 'Ali As-Sabuni. [15]
Mawlana Muhammad Ilyas (Akhunzada): The most first translation of Quran as well as Fakhr-ut-Tafseer was written by him in the 18th century in Afghanistan (original versions are placed in Kandahar), He then came to Peshawar (warsak road mathra kochian) & wrote many more Islamic books as well as search prescription of different kind of diseases ...
Jāmiʿ al-bayān ʿan taʾwīl āy al-Qurʾān (Arabic: جامع البيان عن تأويل آي القرآن, lit. 'Collection of Statements on the Interpretation of the Verses of the Qur'an', also written with fī in place of ʿan), popularly Tafsīr al-Ṭabarī (Arabic: تفسير الطبري), is a Sunni tafsir by the Persian scholar Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (838–923). [1]