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Attar, also known as ittar, is an essential oil derived from botanical or other natural sources. Most commonly these oils are extracted via hydrodistillation or steam distillation . The Persian physician Ibn Sina was the first to derive the attar of flowers from distillation. [ 1 ]
Faridoddin Abu Hamed Mohammad Attar Nishapuri (c. 1145 – c. 1221; Persian: ابوحمید محمد عطار نیشاپوری), better known by his pen-names Faridoddin (فریدالدین) and ʿAttar of Nishapur (عطار نیشاپوری, Attar means apothecary), was a poet, theoretician of Sufism, and hagiographer from Nishapur who had an immense and lasting influence on Persian poetry ...
Another story, narrated by Attar in the Memorial of the Saints, describes Bishr as having led a life of dissipation. One day, while drunk, he found a piece of paper inscribed with “In the Name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate.” Bishr bought rose attar to perfume the paper and placed it reverently in his house.
The book also described one hundred and seven methods and recipes for perfume-making, and even the perfume making equipment, like the alembic, still bears its Arabic name. [ 11 ] The Persian Muslim doctor and chemist Ibn Sina (also known as Avicenna) introduced the process of extracting oils from flowers by means of distillation , the procedure ...
Musk deer of Tibet in an 1835 illustration. Musk is a class of aromatic substances commonly used as base notes in perfumery.They include glandular secretions from animals such as the musk deer, numerous plants emitting similar fragrances, and artificial substances with similar odors.
Tazkirat al-Awliyā (Persian: تذکرةالاولیا or تذکرةالاولیاء, lit."Biographies of the Saints") – variant transliterations: Tadhkirat al-Awliya, Tazkerat-ol-Owliya, Tezkereh-i-Evliā etc. – is a hagiographic collection of ninety-six Sufi saints (wali, plural awliya) and their miracles authored by the Sunni Muslim Persian poet and mystic Farīd al-Dīn ‘Aṭṭar of ...
The Meaning of the Glorious Koran by Marmaduke Pickthall; The Holy Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary by Abdullah Yusuf Ali; The Qur'an: A New Translation by Muhammad A. S. Abdel Haleem [2] [3] The Clear Quran: A Thematic English Translation by Dr. Mustafa Khattab [4] [5] The Holy Qur'án (The treasure of faith) by Professor Shah Faridul ...
Attar (Arabic: عطار, ʿAṭṭār) is both an Arabic given name and a surname that refers to the occupations apothecary, pharmacist, spice dealer, or perfumer. There is an exaggerated form related to this name, Atir or Ater ( عاطِر ‘āṭir), meaning "perfumed, sweet-smelling, aromatic, fragrant", which is used rarely.