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Acellular dermis is a type of biomaterial derived from processing human or animal tissues to remove cells and retain portions of the extracellular matrix (ECM). These materials are typically cell-free, distinguishing them from classical allografts and xenografts, can be integrated or incorporated into the body, and have been FDA approved for human use for more than 10 years in a wide range of ...
Newer grafting procedures combine CEA with a dermal matrix for more support. [clarify] Research is investigating the possibilities of combining CEA and a dermal matrix in one product. Experimental procedures are being tested for burn victims using stem cells in solution which are applied to the burned area using a skin cell gun.
An acellular dermal matrix (such as Alloderm) graft uses donated medically processed human skin tissue as a source for the graft. The advantage of this procedure is no need for a palatal donor site, and though some periodontists consider it equally successful as a subepithelial connective tissue graft, [ 20 ] others consider it less successful.
Acellular dermal matrices have been successful in a number of different applications. For example, skin grafts are used in cosmetic surgery and burn care. The decellularized skin graft provides mechanical support to the damaged area while supporting the development of host-derived connective tissue.
Full-thickness skin grafts (the epidermis and the entire thickness of the dermis) Bone grafting – used in dental implants , as well as other instances. The bone may be autologous , typically harvested from the iliac crest of the pelvis , or banked bone/allograft.
Others, including Broome and Taggert [4] and Donn [5] also described the use of SECT grafts for increasing the zone of keratinized tissue. Of the various ways of preparing the graft recipient site, Edel described using two vertical incisions, mesial and distal to the teeth at which the zone of keratinized tissue was intended to be widened. [1]
In one case, however, a particular type of collagen graft led to significant delay of wound closure. [6] Careful study of histology samples revealed that grafts that delayed wound closure induced the synthesis of new dermis de novo at the injury site, instead of forming scar, which is the normal outcome of the spontaneous wound healing response.
The transplant is called an allograft, allogeneic transplant, or homograft. Most human tissue and organ transplants are allografts. It is contrasted with autotransplantation (from one part of the body to another in the same person), syngenic transplantation of isografts (grafts transplanted between two genetically identical individuals) and ...