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The earliest electronic systems available as factory installations were vacuum tube car radios, starting in the early 1930s.The development of semiconductors after World War II greatly expanded the use of electronics in automobiles, with solid-state diodes making the automotive alternator the standard after about 1960, and the first transistorized ignition systems appearing in 1963.
An automobile auxiliary power outlet (also known as car cigarette lighter or auxiliary power outlet [1]) in an automobile was initially designed to power an electrically heated cigarette lighter, [1] but became a de facto standard DC connector to supply electrical power for portable accessories used in or near an automobile directly from the ...
Speedometer; Tachometer; Odometer; Trip odometer; Oil pressure gauge; Coolant Temperature gauge; Battery/Charging system lamp; Low oil pressure lamp; Airbag lamp
A display device is the most common form of output device which presents output visually on computer screen. The output appears temporarily on the screen and can easily be altered or erased. With all-in-one PCs, notebook computers, hand held PCs and other devices; the term display screen is used for the display device.
An engine has one or more devices for converting energy it produces into a usable form, electricity connection through the alternator, hydraulic connections from a pump or engine system, compressed air, and engine vacuum; or the engine may be directly tapped through a mechanical connection. Modern vehicles run most accessories on electrical power.
A typical ETC system consists of three major components: (i) an accelerator pedal module (ideally with two or more independent sensors), (ii) a throttle valve that can be opened and closed by an electric motor (sometimes referred to as an electric or electronic throttle body (ETB)), and (iii) a powertrain or engine control module (PCM or ECM). [4]
[1] 42 volts is an approximation of the output of the new standard's charging system. [2] The present nominally 12 V automotive electrical system usually operates around 13.8 volts, so 14 V is descriptive. Literature on 42-volt electrical systems often refers to systems powered with a 6-cell lead-acid battery as nominally 14 volts.
A 48 V system can provide more power, improve energy recuperation, [7] and allow up to an 85% decrease in cable mass. [10]12-volt systems can provide only 3.5 kilowatts, while a 48 V power could achieve 15 to 20 kW or even 50 kW. 48 volts is below the level that is considered safe in dry conditions without special protective measures. [11]